He shares a crypt within the Panthéon with Alexandre Dumas and Émile Zola. After leaving France, Hugo lived in Brussels briefly in 1851, and then moved to the Channel Islands, first to Jersey (1852–1855) and then to the smaller island of Guernsey in 1855, where he stayed until Napoleon III's fall from power in 1870. The house where he stayed in Vianden, Luxembourg, in 1871 has also become a museum. Où je l'ai vue ouvrir son aile et s'envoler! Their brother, tenor Roberto Alagna, performed in the opera’s premiere in Paris in the summer of 2007 and again in February 2008 in Valencia with Erwin Schrott as part of the Festival international Victor Hugo et Égaux 2008. Although Napoleon III granted an amnesty to all political exiles in 1859, Hugo declined, as it meant he would have to curtail his criticisms of the government. The pamphlets were banned in France but nonetheless had a strong impact there. vers le passé tournant un œil d'envie, However, in Pauvert's published archives, he states strongly that "any work of art has two authors: the people who confusingly feel something, a creator who translates these feelings, and the people again who consecrate his vision of that feeling. Then, he became involved in politics and supported Republicanism. Marchers stretched from the Avenue d'Eylau, where the author was living, down the Champs-Élysées, and all the way to the centre of Paris. that instant—too much for tears! “Hugo et la musique” in Pleins feux sur Victor Hugo, Arnaud Laster, Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale, Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, La Esmeralda (only libretto of an opera written by Victor Hugo himself). He knew about the atrocities committed by the French Army during the French conquest of Algeria as evidenced by his diary[21] but he never denounced them publicly; however in Les Misérables, Hugo wrote: "Algeria too harshly conquered, and, as in the case of India by the English, with more barbarism than civilization". In 1851, he lived in Belgium, in Brussels.He moved to Jersey in 1852. Exclamation Mark! He was in Paris during the siege by the Prussian army in 1870, famously eating animals given to him by the Paris zoo. [22], After coming in contact with Victor Schœlcher, a writer who fought for the abolition of slavery and French colonialism in the Caribbean, he started strongly campaigning against slavery. Like many young writers of his generation, Hugo was profoundly influenced by François-René de Chateaubriand, the famous figure in the literary movement of Romanticism and France's pre-eminent literary figure during the early 19th century. Alas! Hugo kept his artwork out of the public eye, fearing it would overshadow his literary work. On 27 June, one of the largest parades in French history was held. The City of Paris has preserved his residences Hauteville House, Guernsey and 6, Place des Vosges as museums. Their first child, Léopold (born in 1823), died in infancy. Today the novel remains his most enduringly popular work. Hugo died on 22 May 1885 in Paris, France from an infection, aged 83. [39], After 1872, Hugo never lost his antipathy towards the Catholic Church. Although Hugo's many talents did not include exceptional musical ability, he nevertheless had a great impact on the music world through the endless inspiration that his works provided for composers of the 19th and 20th century. Pieuvre avec les initiales V.H., ("Octopus with the initials V.H. Les Djinns La maison des djinns (Hedley Churchward) Auteur Victor Hugo Pays France Genre Poésie Lieu de parution Paris Date de parution 1829 Série Les Orientales modifier Les Djinns est un poème de Victor Hugo , publié en août 1829 dans le recueil Les Orientales . Gavroche a onze ans, ("Gavroche at eleven years old"). I do declare I will die a fanatic patriot".[59]. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Claude Gueux, a documentary short story about a real-life murderer who had been executed in France, appeared in 1834 and was later considered by Hugo himself to be a precursor to his great work on social injustice, Les Misérables. He became a mentor to Victor and his brothers. Every inch and detail of the event was for Hugo; the official guides even wore cornflowers as an allusion to Cosette's song in Les Misérables. In 1812 Victor Fanneau de La Horie was arrested and executed. Both were caught in adultery on 5 July 1845. Je demande une prière à toutes les âmes. It was only after Napoleon III fell from power and the Third Republic was proclaimed that Hugo finally returned to his homeland in 1870, where he was promptly elected to the National Assembly and the Senate. je ne l'ai plus ! [5][6], Weary of the constant moving required by military life, Sophie separated temporarily from Léopold and settled in Paris in 1803 with her sons; she began seeing General Victor Fanneau de La Horie, Hugo's godfather who had been a comrade of General Hugo's during the campaign in Vendee. [53] Despite his popularity, Hugo lost his bid for re-election to the National Assembly in 1872. London, Charles Gilpin, 1849, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (. However, although Hugo believed Catholic dogma to be outdated and dying, he never directly attacked the institution itself. Hugo published his first novel in 1823 (Han d'Islande). In the city of Avellino, Italy, Victor Hugo lived briefly stayed in what is now known as Il Palazzo Culturale when reuniting with his father, Leopold Sigisbert Hugo, in 1808. En plus de ces œuvres-clés de la première moitié du XIXe siècle, le roman social (et parfois en milieu rural) trouve sa place dans la littérature avec des textes de George Sand (Consuelo – 1842, -1846 La Mare au Diable, La Petite Fadette – 1849) et, plus tard, avec la grande fresque humaniste Victor Hugo, Les Misérables (1862). Two days before dying, he left a note with these last words: "To love is to act". In Havana, Cuba, there is a park named after him. From squid dishes and exhibitions, to squid hats and parties, Parisians became fascinated by these unusual sea creatures.[3]. A Freethinker". Within a brief period, he suffered a mild stroke, his daughter Adèle’s internment in an insane asylum, and the death of his two sons. I demand a prayer to all souls. This meant she dominated Hugo's education. Napoléon became Emperor two years after Hugo's birth. On one of the pages of his notes about the prison, he wrote in large block letters a possible name for his hero: " JEAN TRÉJEAN". This page was last changed on 9 February 2021, at 05:36. In June 1821 Sophie Trebuchet died, and Léopold married his long time mistress Catherine Thomas a month later. Marchers stretched from Avenue d'Eylau, down the Champs-Élysées, and all the way to the center of Paris. [45], Two famous musicians of the 19th century were friends of Hugo: Hector Berlioz and Franz Liszt. It also initially published only the first part of the novel (“Fantine”), which was launched simultaneously in major cities. Son frère Eugène Hugo meurt à l'âge de 37 ans le 20 février 1837 à l'Hôpital Esquirol de Saint-Maurice (Val-de-Marne). (Adèle's biography inspired the movie The Story of Adele H.) His wife Adèle had died in 1868. They met in Châteaubriant, a few miles from Nantes in 1796 and married the following year. In 1817 he wrote a poem for a competition organised by l’Academie Française, for which he received an honorable mention. Hugo himself considered it to be a precursor to his great work on social injustice, Les Misérables. 1798) a Eugéne Hugo (nar. A group of French scholars, particularly Etienne de Jouy, were fighting against the "romantic evolution" and had managed to delay Victor Hugo's election. Political speeches by Victor Hugo: Victor Hugo, My Revenge is Fraternity! "[31] Yet he made a point of offering his support to members of the Commune subjected to brutal repression. It is reported that Hugo often drew with his left hand or without looking at the page, or during Spiritist séances, to access his unconscious mind, a concept only later popularised by Sigmund Freud. His poems were admired but it was his next collection, four years later in 1826 (Odes et Ballades) which revealed Hugo to be a great poet. Woe to anyone who harms France! It is a documentary short story about a real-life murderer who had been executed in France. The latter played Beethoven in Hugo’s home, and Hugo joked in a letter to a friend that thanks to Liszt’s piano lessons, he learned how to play a favourite song on the piano – even though only with one finger! He was in Paris during the siege by the Prussian Army in 1870, famously eating animals given to him by the Paris Zoo. what! The Hague, between about Wednesday, 13 & about Monday, 18 December 1882", "Mercredi 23 juillet – 20h – Opéra Berlioz / Le Corum", "Victor Hugo's House in Pasaia – European Romanticisms in Association", "Caodaism: A Vietnamese-centred religion", http://www.miniweb.com.br/Literatura/Artigos/imagens/victor_hugo/face_oculta.pdf, Guernsey's Victor Hugo International Music Festival, Study of Victor Hugo for 'Le panorama du siècle', (Panorama of the Century), Translation of The legend of Victor Hugo by Paul Lafargue, The Century Was Two Years Old : Victor Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Topsy Turvy Games, Disney's Animated Storybook: The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_Hugo&oldid=1008933541, 19th-century French dramatists and playwrights, Members of the Chamber of Peers of the July Monarchy, Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Members of the National Legislative Assembly of the French Second Republic, Writers who illustrated their own writing, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2021, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with KULTURNAV identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [10] In Guernsey, every two years the Victor Hugo International Music Festival attracts a wide range of musicians and the premiere of songs specially commissioned from Guillaume Connesson and based on Hugo’s poetry. [49], Hugo's novels, as well as his plays, have been a great source of inspiration for musicians, stirring them to create not only opera and ballet but musical theatre such as Notre-Dame de Paris and the ever-popular Les Misérables, London West End's longest running musical. Victor Hugo with his son François-Victor by Auguste de Châtillon, 1836. Pouchain, Gérard and Robert Sabourin (1992). Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, statesman and human rights activist.He played an important part in the Romantic movement in France.. Hugo first became famous in France because of his poetry, as well as his novels and his plays. Victor fell in love and secretly became engaged, against his mother's wishes, to his childhood friend Adèle Foucher. Within a brief period, he suffered a mild stroke, his daughter Adèle was interned in an insane asylum, and his two sons died. After that revolution, he preferred republicanism and freethought. The book also inspired a renewed appreciation for pre-Renaissance buildings, which thereafter began to be actively preserved. Many years after their separation, Hugo made a point of supporting her financially. Mismas cosas: The same. The 1848 Revolution made Hugo rebel against his Catholic Royalist education. Sophie found out that Leopold had been living in secret with an Englishwoman called Catherine Thomas. Hang him! [32] This caused so much uproar that in the evening a mob of fifty to sixty men attempted to force their way into the writer's house shouting "Death to Victor Hugo! The paraders marched for six hours to pass Hugo as he sat in the window at his house. While in exile, Hugo published his famous political pamphlets against Napoleon III, Napoléon le Petit and Histoire d'un crime. Without anything else down here able to console me, "), 1866. The youngest son of Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo (1774–1828) a general in the Napoleonic army, and Sophie Trébuchet (1772–1821); the couple had two more sons: Abel Joseph (1798–1855) and Eugène (1800–1837). Because of his concern for the rights of artists and copyright, he was a founding member of the Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale, which led to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. The City of Paris has preserved his residences Hauteville House, Guernsey, and 6, Place des Vosges, Paris, as museums. Hugo Victor, Choses vues, 1870–1885, Gallimard, 1972, 2-07-036141-1, p. 257. He had two older brothers called Abel Joseph Hugo (1798–1855) and Eugène Hugo (1800–1837). [7], General Joseph-Leopold Hugo, father of Victor Hugo, Soon Hugo's father was called to Spain to fight the Peninsular War. to indicate its success. This page was last edited on 25 February 2021, at 20:47. Hugo married Adèle Foucher in October 1822. It reflected his interest for society which appeared more often in his later work. Le Dernier jour d'un condamné (The Last Day of a Condemned Man) had a big influence on later writers such as Albert Camus, Charles Dickens, and Fyodor Dostoevsky. He would not hesitate to use his children's stencils, ink blots, puddles and stains, lace impressions, "pliage" or folding (i.e. V.H. The avenue where he died, in Paris, now bears his name. On 4 September, she drowned in the Seine at Villequier when the boat she was in overturned. Hiding in a chapel at the back of the garden, was Victor Fanneau de La Horie, who had conspired to restore the Bourbons and had been condemned to death a few years earlier. Rorschach blots), "grattage" or rubbing, often using the charcoal from matchsticks or his fingers instead of pen or brush. The Academicians refused to believe that he was only fifteen. [44] He also greatly admired Beethoven, and rather unusually for his time, he also appreciated works by composers from earlier centuries such as Palestrina and Monteverdi. [24] Hugo agreed to diffuse and sell one of his best known drawings, "Le Pendu", an homage to John Brown, so one could "keep alive in souls the memory of this liberator of our black brothers, of this heroic martyr John Brown, who died for Christ just as Christ". As the siege continued, and food became ever more scarce, he wrote in his diary that he was reduced to "eating the unknown". My envious eye, turning toward the past, discovered in November 1875 may refer to Sarah Bernhardt.[66]. Her young husband died trying to save her. On the 27th one of the largest parades in French history was held. Quoi donc ! Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2001–05). This helped his reputation as one of the greatest elegiac and lyric poets of his time. The people of Guernsey erected a statue by sculptor Jean Boucher in Candie Gardens (Saint Peter Port) to commemorate his stay in the islands. Despite their respective affairs, they lived together for nearly 46 years until she died in August 1868. Liukkonen, Petri (2000). Some great events marked Hugo's early childhood. On 30 January 1876, he was elected to the newly created Senate. The surviving drawings are surprisingly accomplished and "modern" in their style and execution, foreshadowing the experimental techniques of Surrealism and Abstract expressionism. Both a graphomaniac and erotomaniac, he systematically reported his casual affairs using his own code, as Samuel Pepys did, to make sure they would remain secret. The word used in Guernsey to refer to squid (pieuvre, also sometimes applied to octopus) was to enter the French language as a result of its use in the book. Hugo suffered a mild stroke on 27 June 1878.[55][56]. He published five more volumes of poetry (Les Orientales, 1829; Les Feuilles d'automne, 1831; Les Chants du crépuscule, 1835; Les Voix intérieures, 1837; and Les Rayons et les ombres, 1840) between 1829 and 1840. Hugo was a maverick and achieved little in the Senate. When one of the authors dies, the rights should totally be granted back to the other, the people". He would not hesitate to use his children's stencils, ink blots, puddles and stains, lace impressions, "pliage" or folding (e.g. A mosaic commemorating Hugo is located on the ceiling of the Thomas Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress. Hugo also worked with composer Louise Bertin, writing the libretto for her 1836 opera La Esmeralda which was based on the character in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. "[28] His influence was credited in the removal of the death penalty from the constitutions of Geneva, Portugal, and Colombia. A few years before his birth, the Bourbon Dynasty was overthrown during the French Revolution. He was raised to the peerage by King Louis-Philippe in 1841 and entered the Higher Chamber as a pair de France, where he spoke against the death penalty and social injustice, and in favour of freedom of the press and self-government for Poland. Adèle and Victor Hugo had their first child, Léopold, in 1823, but the boy died in infancy. Hugo worked only on paper, and on a small scale; usually in dark brown or black pen-and-ink wash, sometimes with touches of white, and rarely with color. The latter played Beethoven in Hugo's home, and Hugo joked in a letter to a friend that, thanks to Liszt's piano lessons, he learned how to play a favourite song on the piano – with only one finger. Many things Chateaubriand did, Hugo copied. A bust of Hugo stands near the entrance of the Old Summer Palace in Beijing. [57] Letters addressed to the author were from then on labelled "To Mister Victor Hugo, In his avenue, Paris".